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Written by : Robby Balent |
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what's going on alex here and today i'm answering your tax questions from reddit and today's question has to do with the deduction of business losses and or startup costs from other income such as wages let's take a look all right this question comes from hey manu and goes as follows can you deduct business losses startup costs from regular salary this is in washington state a state with no income tax i work a 9 to 5 and have a w-2 but i want to start building social media following slash business i plan to invest heavily in growing my instagram youtube in 2022 with paid collabs promoted posts recording equipment so my influencer business would be running at a loss for the first year at a big loss no less question is can these losses offset my salary all right so there are a few considerations here to take into account first one has to do with whether this activity rises to the level of a trade or business because believe it or not for income tax purposes that is something to be achieved for the potential benefits that go along with having a trader business from an income tax perspective and there are essentially nine factors that the irs considers and neither of them are all-encompassing so you can have just a few factors working in your favor but the more of them that apply to your particular business the better it looks to treat that business as a trader business for tax purposes so let's take a look at what those factors are now there's an irs web page here that is called earning site income is it a hobby or a business if it's a business for income tax purposes bonafide trade or business and you're deducting ordinary necessary business expenses then you may very likely be able to offset the salary with the losses from the business but if your activity does not rise to the level of a trader business then it may be classified as a hobby for income tax purposes in which case the deductions are going to be limited to the income all right so in that case if it's a hobby you are not able to offset salary with any losses from that hobby so this list is very important to consider prior to taking any of these sorts of deductions it says here are nine things taxpayers must consider when determining if an activity is a hobby or a business let's take a look whether the activity is carried out in a business-like manner and the taxpayer maintains complete and accurate books and records so this is where accounting is important sometimes clients go i don't want to worry about the accounting but at the end of the day if you have a business it's traditional or expected i should say to have books and records available so that's accounting basically an income statement balance sheet that pretty much gets you there next whether the time and effort the taxpayer puts into the activity show they intend to make it profitable so that's an important point as well so if you like to knit and every once in a while you need a sock and a hat that may not rise to the level of a trade or business all right it needs to have some consistency there and to show that you're making an active effort to make it profitable and to grow it to get new clients to market it advertise it all that good stuff third whether they depend on income from the activity for their livelihood so that's also a good indication that it's a business because if you're a plumber and you happen to have a plumbing company and you're relying on that income to live it may very well be classified as a traded business it's hard to make the case that a plumber with a plumbing company is doing it as a hobby i guess you can make that argument but i think it's an uphill battle whether any losses are due to circumstances beyond the taxpayer's control or are the normal for the start-up phase of their type of business all right so that's another factor to keep in mind whether they change methods of operation to improve profitability so if a business starts out with having consistent losses is anything being done to mitigate those losses are they decreasing over time and let me be very clear businesses can have losses year over year and not be classified as a hobby but what you get into is that if a business has losses in at least three out of the last five years then there's what's known as a rebuttable presumption that that business is a hobby so the irs could say look in three out of the last five years you had losses so we're going to assume that this is a hobby but you can rebut that presumption by addressing these factors and saying look my activity meets a lot of these factors that are described here so it is a trader business let's remember chrysler has been losing money for years and nobody's going to classify them as a hobby okay so rebuttable presumption three of the last five years if you have losses now you're getting into that aspect or or that test of whether that activity rises the level of trade or business that's where these factors come in just to add a little context let's continue whether the taxpayer and their advisors have the knowledge needed to carry out the activity as a successful business all right so that's interesting maybe a little bit of subjectivity there but if you're just trying to start the next spacex and you've never taken the physics course that may very well work against you in deducting some of those losses all right just as an example next whether the taxpayer was successful in making a profit in similar activities in the past that's another factor that plays into it whether the activity makes a profit in some years and how much profit it makes all right so if you have kind of ups and downs generally that's fine as long as you can satisfy as many of these factors as possible again neither of these factors is determinative so if you satisfy some of them in one year some of them the next year you may be all good but just keep in mind that this is what's on the radar in terms of questioning whether an activity is a hobby or a business for income tax purposes and whether the taxpayers can expect to make a profit a future profit from the appreciation of the assets used in the activity all right so those are the factors here notice what's missing putting together a business entity is not on this list you're not going to fool anybody from an income tax perspective just by doing your hobby under an llc or doing it under a corporation you're not fooling anyone okay so unfortunately that's not a way to get around it and that's why you're not seeing it here it's not one of the factors okay and similarly the fact that you engage in a hobby consistently throughout the year still doesn't make it a trader business right so you may like fixing bicycles and if you fix bicycles for friends and your uncle and the neighbor and everybody that's in five mile radius of your house and you never charge them for it but then you decide to charge one person your activity may not rise the level of trade or business just because you're not really meeting all of these nine factors necessarily in that case you may but i feel like it might be an uphill battle so with that the first question you're g
Thanks for your comment Sheldon Marner, have a nice day.
- Robby Balent, Staff Member
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- Robby Balent
About the author
I've studied collective bargaining at Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University in Tallahassee and I am an expert in molecular dynamics. I usually feel thankful. My previous job was greenhouse and nursery manager I held this position for 22 years, I love talking about mazes (indoor/outdoor) and icing cakes. Huge fan of Ellen Page I practice mountaineering and collect scouting memorabilia.
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